Abstract:
Manoj Kumar Hazarika, Assistant
Professor, Department of Commerce, Darrang College, Tezpur, Assam
Kakoli Sengupta, Assistant Professor,
Department of Commerce, Darrang College. Tezpur, Assam
Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises forms the back bone of our nation. It is based on
the Gandhian philosophy and only the way to help India becoming self reliance. It contributes 45 percent of the industrial
output, 40 percent of Indian export, employing 60 million people, creating 1.3
million jobs every year and producing more than 8,000 quality products for
domestic as well as for foreign markets. It also provides the scope to fulfill
the dreams of local entrepreneurs by commercializing their talent and
resources.
FDI
in retail has both positive and negative impact on local entrepreneurs and MSMEs.
Even though myriad opinions are being floated on FDI in retail, some SMEs in
India are welcoming it. Indian retailers should not too much worry about 51
percent or 100 percent FDI in retail as ‘Amway’ and ‘Herbal Life’ have already
entered in various forms in Indian retail sector more than 2 decades ago.
Moreover, existence of big Indian retailers likes Reliance, Big Bazaar; Vishal
etc. have no negative effect on the existing local and small retailers,
entrepreneurs and SMEs rather giving opportunities and challenges to improve their
products and commodities. Consumers and farmers will be directly benefited from
the FDI in retail by getting quality products and right value of their commodity
respectively. However, some floated middlemen may be out of the supply chain
due to the direct contact with farmers by the big brothers.
After 6 decades of independence Indian retail
sector must be competent enough to face any global challenges, otherwise they
will lose the world share. This research
paper is empirical in nature and based on primary information as well as
secondary data. It tries to study the impact of FDI in retail on the local
entrepreneurs and MSMEs in Assam in general and Sonitpur District in
particular. Opinions of some selected entrepreneurs, businessmen, conscious
consumers are taken on the basis of judgement sampling method by preparing
schedules.
Key-words:
FDI in retail, Local & Rural Entrepreneur, MSME
1. Introduction:
Retailing
plays a crucial role by linking producers and consumers in a modern market
economy. The performance of this sector has a strong influence on consumer
welfare. Retailers not only provide consumers with a wide variety of product,
but also a wide range of complementary services, which lead to more informed
choice and greater convenience in shopping. They also provide information about
the consumer demand pattern to the producers. In
the year 2012, the Indian retail sector contribution was Rs.18, 673 billion and
it accounts for around 15 percent of GDP and 8 percent of the total employment.
Economic development, rise in purchasing power, growing consumerism and brand
proliferation has led to retail modernization in India. With high economic
growth, per capita income increases; this in turn, leads to a shift in
consumption pattern from necessity items to discretionary consumption.
Furthermore, as the economy liberalizes and globalizes, various international
brands are entering into the domestic market. Consumer awareness increases and
consumers tend to experiment with different international brands. The
proliferation of brands leads to increase in retail space. According to the
Investment Commission of India, the retail sector is expected to grow almost
three times its current levels to Rs. 33,000 ($660) billion by 2015. Traditionally,
Indian retail sector has been characterized by the presence of a large number
of small –unorganized retailers about 96 percentage of the total retailers.
However, in the past decades there has been development of organized retailing,
which encouraged the large private sector players to invest in this sector such
as Reliance Group, Big Bazaar, Vishal etc. Although prior to Jan 24, 2006, FDI
was not authorized in retailing, most general players had been operating in the
country through different routes such as test franchising, wholesale, cash-and
–carry operation, own based retailing chain etc. The Reserve Bank of India
(RBI) approved to enter foreign players in franchising and commission agent under
the Foreign Exchange Management Act such as Pizza Hut, Mango, Nike etc. 100% FDI is allowed in
wholesale trading which involves building of a large distribution
infrastructure to assist local manufacturers. Metro AG of Germany was the first
significant global player to enter India through this route. Some foreign brands give exclusive licenses
and distribution rights to Indian companies. Through these rights, Indian
companies can either sell it through their own stores. Mango, the Spanish
apparel brand has entered India through Piramyd, Mumbai, SPAR entered into a
similar agreement with Radhakrishna Food lands Pvt. Ltd.
Moreover, the foreign brands such as
Amway, Herbal Life, Nike, Reebok, Adidas, etc. that have wholly-owned
subsidiaries in manufacturing are treated as Indian companies and are,
therefore, allowed to do retail. For instance, Amway India was established 1995
and the commercial operation was from 1998, which has emerged as the largest
Direct Selling FMCG.
2. Objectives of the Paper:
The main objective of this paper is to study both the
positive and negative impact of FDI in Retail on Local Entrepreneurs and MSME
in Assam in general and the Sonitpur District in particular.
3. Methodology:
This
research paper is empirical in nature and based on primary data as well as
secondary data. 120 samples was selected so far for the study and primary information was collected through
schedules and personal interviews from eminent businessmen, conscious
consumers, local entrepreneurs, NGOs relating to this sectors and academicians
on judgment sampling method. The survey was conducted during month of Feb and April
2013. The Schedule is constructed in such a way that it will not harass the
respondents and also based on cost and time factors of the study. Secondary data are collected from various
websites, research papers, e-journal, e- books, and survey reports. The whole
paper is based on descriptive arguments, statistical data, comparative study
and analytical logic developed.
4. District Profiles:
An attempt is made to carry out a study in Sonitpur
District of Assam on “Impact of FDI in Retail on Local Entrepreneurs and MSME
in Assam with special reference to the Sonitpur District.” Therefore a brief
profile of the districts becomes inevitable part of the study.
Sonitpur district of Assam (India) is spread over an area
of 5,235.2 sq. kms and is the second largest district of Assam after Karbi
Anlong district. The district is located in the North bank of river Brahmaputra
and between latitude range 26.30 North to 27.01North and longitudes 92.16 East
to 93. East. Three sub-divisions of the district are namely Tezpur,
Biswanath-charali and Gohpur.
Total work
force of the district is 6, 43,723 where main workers consist 4, 64,115,
marginal workers consist 1,69,440 and non-workers are 10,168. Workers engaged
in household and cottage industries are 2,611 i.e. 0.56%.
Table 1.1
Occupational Distribution
Sl. No.
|
Occupation
|
No of Worker
|
Percentage
|
1
|
Small and marginal farmer
|
2,39,071
|
51.50
|
2
|
Agricultural labourers
Livestock and forestry
|
58,403
|
12.60
|
3
|
Workers
|
93,428
|
20.13
|
4
|
Household/Home Based industry
|
2,611
|
0.56
|
5
|
Other worker
|
70,602
|
15.21
|
Total:
|
4,64,115
|
100.00
|
|
Source: UCO Bank, Lead Bank Office, Annual Credit
Plan 2012-13, Tezpur.
5. Impact on Local and Rural Entrepreneurs:
An
entrepreneur is the person who bears risk, unites various factors of production
and carries out innovations. An entrepreneur can, therefore, be defined as an
individual or a group of individuals who tries to create something new, who
organizes production and undertakes risk involved in the establishment and
operation of a business enterprise. Like entrepreneur, local and rural
entrepreneurship also acquires various talents. In other words, establishing
local and rural industries refers to local and rural entrepreneurship.
The coming of MNCs to Assam and Sonitpur in particular will
have overall positive impact on the local and rural entrepreneurs, because
entrepreneurs faced various inherent problems like marketing, finance and
raw-materials, which can be fulfilled by the big players entering in the
retailing sector. Big foreign players would show-case their products and talents
to the world community. Infrastructure development by the FDI retailers will
also benefit the local and rural entrepreneurs to enter in the new field.
6. Impact on Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSMEs):
In accordance with the provision of Micro, Small &
Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006 the Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSME) are classified in two Classes:
(a)
Manufacturing Enterprises- The enterprises engaged in the manufacture or
production of goods pertaining to any industry specified in the first schedule
to the Industries (Development and regulation) Act, 1951. The Manufacturing
Enterprise is defined in terms of investment in Plant & Machinery.
(b) Service Enterprises: The enterprises engaged in providing or
rendering of services and are defined in terms of investment in equipment.
The limit for investment in plant and machinery /
equipment for manufacturing / service enterprises, as notified, vide S.O.
1642(E) dtd.29-09-2006 are as under:
Manufacturing Sector
|
|
Enterprises
|
Investment in plant & machinery
|
Micro
Enterprises
|
Does
not exceed twenty 25 lakh rupees
|
Small
Enterprises
|
More
than 25 lakh rupees but does not exceed 5 crore rupees
|
Medium
Enterprises
|
More
than 5 crore rupees but does not exceed 10
crore rupees
|
Service Sector
|
|
Enterprises
|
Investment in equipments
|
Micro
Enterprises
|
Does
not exceed twenty 10 lakh rupees
|
Small
Enterprises
|
More
than 10 lakh rupees but does not exceed 2 crore rupees
|
Medium
Enterprises
|
More
than 2 crore rupees but does not exceed 5
crore rupees
|
FDI in retail has both positive and negative impact on
local entrepreneurs and MSMEs also. Even though myriad opinions are being
floated on FDI in retail, some SMEs in India are welcoming it. Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises forms the back bone of our nation. It is based on the
Gandhian philosophy and only the way to help India becoming self reliance. It contributes 45 percent of the industrial output, 40
percent of Indian export, employing 60 million people, creating 1.3 million
jobs every year and producing more than 8,000 quality products for domestic as
well as for foreign markets. It also provides the scope to fulfill the dreams
of local entrepreneurs by commercializing their talent and resources. MSMEs
often act as a nursery of entrepreneurship. This sector also plays a key role
in the development of the economy with their effective, efficient, flexible and
innovative entrepreneurial spirit.
The
recent decision to allow 51 percent FDI in multi brand retail and 100 percent
in single brand retail in Nov. 2011 is one of the major steps to encourage the
organized retailing in the country. The
government has ultimately taken the bold decision, which will be benefited to
the SMEs. As per the norms, FDI in Retailers are instructed to purchase 30
percent of the product they deal with from the Small and Medium Enterprises
(SMEs). This will definitely ensures the development of the SMEs and encourages
to produce quality product because foreign players would like to prefer the
quality product. The players are also imposed with the restriction of investing
50 percent of their investment on the back end infrastructure, which will
indirectly help in the development of SMEs in the rural areas and backward
areas.
The
fashion Industry is to benefit from FDI was evident from a year back when
Government of India had first announced 51 per cent FDI in multi-brand retail.
Textiles and clothing products will be the core component of most of the
multi-brand outlets because of its high margin and ability to create
differentiation through private labels. With the growing demand of western garments,
this sector would be one of the major beneficiaries. Currently, clothing occupies
36 per cent of the overall retail segment and this would increase substantially
after more organized retailers enter the market.
FDI would also have a big impact on the Fast Moving
Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. Storage is a major problem as 20-25 per cent of
agricultural products get wasted due to improper storage. Inadequate storage
facilities for food and vegetables will be resolved through FDI. As the
investment will flow into back-end infrastructure, supply chain will get
strengthened. ITC Limited, Procter & Gamble and Unilever are the three
biggest consumer goods companies that operate across the globe. These companies
would have a substantial benefit if the FDI implementation functions as framed
and expected by the policy makers. The food service sector and restaurant
sector will get benefitted.
Packing will play a major role by contributing 5.3 percent
of the GDP. This industry will be geared-up for the inflow of retailing
companies from across the world. This industry
vertical is growing at 15 per cent, the second fastest in world. It is expected
to be double to 30 per cent within a decade.
7. Analysis
of Primary Data:
(i) It is found from the survey that 114 (95 %)
respondents are aware of the government’s decision to allow 51 percent FDI in
Multi-brand and 100 percent in single brand retailing. (Annexure: 2.1)
(ii) According to the survey, 88 (73%) respondents
is in favour and support of the government’s decision to allow 51 percent FDI
in Multi-brand and 100 percent in single brand retailing. (Annexure: 2.2)
(iii) 71 (59%) respondent admit that FDI in
retails is the opportunity for local entrepreneurs and MSME in Assam in general
and Sonitpur district in particular. 18 (15%) respondents believe as threat and
only 31 (26%) respondents says no impact on the present status of entrepreneurs
and MSMEs. (Annexure: 2.3)
(iv) Majority of the respondents are of the
opinion that the opening of FDI in retail will result in substantial
growth of sales of their products. Out of them, 52 respondents foresee that the
impact on the growth of sales of the product would be excellent (morethan 20%),
38 respondents perceive that the impact would be good (20% to 10%), 24
respondents believe that the impact would be low (1% to less than 10%) . 4
respondents feels that the impact would be negative (less than 1%) and 2
respondent cannot say anything about that growth of sales. (Annexure: 2.4)
(v) It is found that 100 (84%) respondents
believe that FDI in retails would be beneficial for the local framers and
agricultural entrepreneurs, 12 (10%) respondents feel negative and 8 (6%)
respondents cannot say about it. (See Annexure: 2.5)
(vi) As
per the survey, 60 (50%) respondents are opinion that FDI in retail would have
a positive impact on employment whereas 40 (33%) respondents expect no change
in the employment. 12 (10%) respondents feel negative impact on employment and 8
(7%) respondents cannot say anything on this. (Annexure: 2.6)
(vii) With regard to quality of product 80 (67 %)
respondents believe that quality of the product would improve, 32 (27 %) respondents
think no change and 4 (3 %) feel negative impact on the quality of the products
and remaining 3 percent respondents have no idea about it. (Annexure: 2.7)
(viii) According to 93 (78 %) respondents
supply chain would improve, for 26 (21%) respondents there would no change in
the supply chain and one respondent cannot say about it. (Annexure: 2.8)
(ix) As per the survey, 49 (41%) respondents
feel that customer group will be attracted toward FDI retailers, 67 (56%) respondents
believe that customers will not attract to FDI retailers. (Annexure: 2.9)
8. Finding: (Based on comments made by entrepreneurs, businessmen,
academician, NGOs & public)
(i) FDI in Retail has some positive impact on agro-based
entrepreneurs, specially the small tea growers, because it will directly
benefit the farmers. The tea farmers in Assam get only 20-30
per cent of the price the consumer pays for their produce from the middlemen. The
big retailers prefer to buy produce directly from farmers as they may sell at
very competitive prices.
(ii) Retailing market in Sonitpur district as well as in Indian retailing market can
hardly affected by FDI in retailing, since local consumers’ behaviours are very
typical in nature, they always prefer in bargaining of a product.
(iii) More than 40 percent seasonal agricultural
commodities are wasted due to the lack of cold storage facilities, presently
only one sold store is available in the district, which can be improved by MNC
in this sector.
(iv) Transportation facilities
can get a boost by MNCs or big prayers, by introducing number of refrigerated
vans and pre-cooling chambers which is not available at all in the district,
can help bring down wastage of goods.
(v) The local entrepreneurs, especially those who are relating
to handy-craft sector, will be benefited, their demand of the products will
increase and they will find in an international platform for their products.
Government should prevent dumping of goods to get rid of negative effect of FDI
retailers.
9. Benefits of
FDI in Retails:
The following may
be regarded as major perceived benefits of allowing FDI in retail in India to
MSMEs and others:
(i) Provide
Finance- Finance is an important
problem of MSME in the country. The problem of finance in this sector is mainly
due to two reasons. i.e. due to scarcity
of capital and weak credit worthiness. FDI in retailing would
provide an opportunity for cash-deficient domestic retailers to bridge the gap
between capital required and raised. (ii) Enhance Marketing: Marketing
is another major stumbling block for MSMEs. They are facing many problems in
marketing such as lack of standardization and regularities, poor quality, brand
preferences, distribution contacts etc. FDI in Retails would provide more
marketing scope for the MSMEs’ products and encourage to improving their
quality, maintaining brand specification and minimizing cost.
(iii) Create Competition
and check inflation- Supporters of FDI argue that entry of the many
multi-national corporations will obviously promise intensive competition
between the different companies offering their brands in a particular product
market and this will result in availability of many varieties, reduced prices,
and convenient distribution of the marketing offers. It will act as an antidote
to inflation.
(iv) Improvement
in Supply Chain- Improvement of supply chain/ distribution efficiencies,
coupled with capacity building and introduction of modern technology will help
arrest wastages.
(v) Improvement in Customer Satisfaction- Consumers in the organized retail will have the opportunity
to choose between a numbers of internationally famous brands with pleasant
shopping environment, huge space for product display, maintenance of hygiene
and better customer care. If the market is opened, then the pricing could also
change and the monopoly of certain domestic Indian companies will be
challenged.
(vi) Improvement in technology and logistics- Improved technology in the sphere of processing, grading,
handling and packaging of goods and further technical developments in areas
like electronic weighing, billing, barcode scanning etc. could be a direct
consequence of foreign companies opening retail shops in India,. Further,
transportation facilities can get a boost, in the form of increased number of
refrigerated vans and pre-cooling chambers which can help bring down wastage of
goods.
(vii) Benefits for the Farmers- Presumably, with the onset of multi-brand retail, the food
and packaging industry will also get an impetus. Though India is the second
largest producer of fruits and vegetables, it has a very limited integrated
cold-chain infrastructure. It will promote
welfare of farmers by agriculture growth and thereby increasing their income
level.
(viii) Creation of More and Better Employment
Opportunities- The entry of foreign
companies into Indian Retailing will not only create many employment
opportunities but, will also ensure quality in them. This helps the Indian
human resource to find better quality jobs and to improve their standard of
living and life styles on par with that of the citizens of developed nations.
10. Drawbacks of
FDI in Retails:
The major threats to the domestic retailers in India are
specified below:
(i) Domination of Organized Retailers- FDI in single-brand retail will strengthen organized retail
in the country. These organized retailers will tend to dominate the entire
consumer market. It would lead to unfair competition and ultimately result in
large-scale exit of domestic retailers, especially the small family managed
outlets (local “mom and pop” stores will be compelled to close down).
(ii) Create
Unemployment- Retail in India has tremendous growth potential and it is the
second largest employer in India. Any changes by bringing major foreign retailers
who will be directly procuring from the main supplier will not only create
unemployment on the front end retail but also the middleman who have been
working in this industry will be thrown out of their jobs.
(iii) Loss of Self Competitive Strength- The Indian retail sector, particularly organized retail, is
still under-developed and in a nascent stage and that, therefore the companies
may not be able to compete with big global giants. If the existing firms
collaborate with the global biggies they might have to give up at the global
front by losing their self competitive strength.
(iv) Increase in Real Estate Cost- It is obvious that the foreign companies which enter into
India to open up their malls and stores will certainly look for places in the
heart of the cities. It will result in increase in the cost of real estate in
the cities that will eventually affect the interest of the ordinary people who
desire to own their houses within the limit of the cities.
(v) Distortion of Culture: Though FDI in Indian retail will indirectly or directly contribute for
the enhancement of Tourism, Hospitality and few other Industries, the culture
of the people in India will slowly be changed. The youth will easily imbibe
certain negative aspects of foreign culture and lifestyles and develop
inappropriate consumption pattern, not suited to our cultural environment.
11. Conclusion:
After
6 decades of independence Indian, retail sector must be competent enough to
face any global challenge. We cannot oppose, stop or deny FDI or any sort of
foreign investment after signing GATT and WTO. FDI in retail is the part of reforms;
therefore, preparedness is required to get full benefits of the FDI. It is definitely beneficial from the
customer’s point of view, nobody can deny it. But the economic development of a
nation is based on the growth of local entrepreneurs, producers, sellers.
Therefore, the government of India must be cautious about the strength of the
country’s entrepreneurs. Presently 60% of the entrepreneurs disappear before
starting any enterprises. Out of the remaining enterprise 60% are sick. Government
should form a strong regulatory body like SEBI, IRDA to regulate the functions
of FDI in retail, so that the interest of the local and rural entrepreneurs and
MSMEs can be saved and protected. It can be concluded that there should be
proper co-ordination and co-operation between Governments as well as the Retail
sector players as because FDI in retail with proper policy would be beneficial
for the economic development of India.
References:
1. Mukharjee Arpita and Patel
Nitisha; Book: Foreign Direct Investment in Retail Sector India. (2008)
2. Murali Patibandla; Book: Foreign Direct
Investment in India’s Retail Sector: Some Issues. Source:Google Book (2012)
3. Bhattacharyya Rajiv; “The Opportunities and Challenges of FDI in Retail in India” Research
Paper published in IOSR Journal of
Humanities and Social Science Volume 5, Issue 5 (Nov. - Dec. 2012), PP 99-109
4. A Survey Report: The Impact of
FDI in Retail on SME Sector by Confederation of Indian Industry.
5. A
Survey Report : Impact of FDI in Retail on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
of India by Confederation of All Indian Traders, New Delhi.
6. Website: http://www.entrepreneurindia.com/magazine/2012/november/FDI-to-SME-Is-It-All-Threat-No-Opportunity_3-1-3/
8. Khanka S.S., and Gupta C.B., Book:
Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, Publisher: Sultan Chand &
Sons (2009)
9. Report of Prime Minister’s Task Force on
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India, January 2010
10. http://dcmsme.gov.in/ssiindia/defination_msme.htm:
Development Commission MSME, India.
Appendix-I
Schedule related to FDI in retail sector its pros and cons in the
district of Sonitpur:
Part-I
1. Name:
2. Sex: Male /Female 3. Age:
4. Area of work: Business/
Profession/ Designation/others:
5. Address:
Part-II
a)
Are
you aware of the government’s decision to allow 51 % FDI in Multi-brand and
100% in single band retailing?
(i)
Aware (ii) Unaware
b)
Do
you support of the government’s decision to allow FDI in retails?
(i)
Support (ii) Not support
c)
Is
it opportunity or threat for entrepreneurs and MSME in Assam in general and the
Sonitpur district in particular?
(i)
Opportunity (ii) Threat (iii) No impact (iv) cannot say
d)
Will
FDI in Retail improve the sales of products of local entrepreneurs and MSME?
(i)
Excellent (more than 20 %) (ii) Good (10% to 20%) (iii) Low (1% to less than
10%)
(iv)
Negative (Less than 1%)
e)
Will
it be beneficial for the local farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs?
(i) Yes (ii) No (iii) cannot say
f)
What
will be the impact on the present employment?
(i)
Positive (ii) Negative (iii) no change (iv) cannot say
g)
Whether
the quality of the product will improve?
(i)
Improve (ii) No change (iii) Deteriorate (iv) cannot say
h)
What
will be the impact on supply chain?
i)
Improve (ii) No change (iii) Deteriorate (iv) cannot say
i)
Will
Indian customer group be attracted to retail store under one roof?
(i) Yes (ii) No (iii) cannot say
j)
Your
comment on FDI in Retails:
Annexure: 2.1
Awareness of FDI in Retails
Option
|
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
Aware
|
114
|
95
|
Unaware
|
06
|
05
|
Total
|
120
|
100
|
Annexure: 2.2
Support to
the Govt. Decision of FDI in Retails
Option
|
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
Support
|
88
|
73
|
Not support
|
32
|
27
|
Total
|
120
|
100
|
Annexure: 2.3
Opportunity for MSME
Option
|
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
Opportunity
|
71
|
59
|
Threat
|
18
|
15
|
No impact
|
31
|
26
|
Cannot say
|
0
|
0
|
Total
|
120
|
100
|
Annexure: 2.4
Effect on Sale of the product of MSME
Option
|
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
Excellent (more than 20 %)
|
52
|
43
|
Good (10% to 20%)
|
38
|
32
|
Low (1% to less than 10%)
|
24
|
20
|
Negative (Less than 1%)
|
4
|
3
|
Cannot say
|
2
|
2
|
Total
|
31
|
100
|
Annexure: 2.5
Benefit to the Framer
Option
|
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
Yes
|
100
|
84
|
No
|
12
|
10
|
Cannot say
|
8
|
6
|
Total
|
120
|
100
|
Annexure: 2.6
Impact on Present Employment
Option
|
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
Positive
|
60
|
50
|
Negative
|
12
|
10
|
No change
|
40
|
33
|
Cannot say
|
8
|
7
|
Total
|
120
|
100
|
Annexure: 2.7
Quality of the products
Option
|
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
Improve
|
80
|
67
|
No change
|
32
|
27
|
Deteriorate
|
4
|
3
|
Cannot say
|
4
|
3
|
Total
|
120
|
100
|
Annexure: 2.8
Supply chain of the products
Option
|
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
Improve
|
93
|
78
|
No change
|
26
|
21
|
Deteriorate
|
0
|
0
|
Cannot say
|
1
|
1
|
Total
|
30
|
100
|
Annexure: 2.9
Customers Attraction towards FDI retailers
Option
|
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
Yes
|
49
|
41
|
No
|
67
|
56
|
Cannot say
|
4
|
4
|
Total
|
120
|
100
|
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